Climate · cumulative since 1750

Historical CO₂ Emissions by Country

Name: Historical CO₂ Emissions by Country (2024)
Creator: Our World in Data
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Since the industrial revolution humanity has emitted 1,849.1 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry. Because CO₂ stays in the air for centuries, these historical totals — not this year's — decide how much each country has warmed the planet. United States alone accounts for 24%.

1,849.1 Gt

Emitted since 1750

55%

From the top 5 countries

+1.68 °C

Warming from all greenhouse gases

213

Countries ranked

Largest historical emitters

434.9 Gt · 23.5%

285.1 Gt · 15.4%

122.8 Gt · 6.6%

95.1 Gt · 5.1%

80.1 Gt · 4.3%

69.6 Gt · 3.8%

66.1 Gt · 3.6%

40.0 Gt · 2.2%

35.6 Gt · 1.9%

31.2 Gt · 1.7%

Top 5%
Top 15%
Top 30%
Top half
Lower half
Bottom 25%

Cumulative CO₂ emissions of every country

Rank	Country	Cumulative CO₂ (Gt)	Share of world	CO₂ in 2024 (Mt)	Warming caused
1	United States	434.87	23.52%	4,904.1	0.296 °C
2	China	285.09	15.42%	12,289.0	0.217 °C
3	Russia	122.81	6.64%	1,780.5	0.118 °C
4	Germany	95.14	5.15%	572.3	0.049 °C
5	United Kingdom	80.08	4.33%	312.9	0.040 °C
6	Japan	69.61	3.77%	961.9	0.036 °C
7	India	66.07	3.57%	3,193.5	0.080 °C
8	France	40.05	2.17%	264.2	0.022 °C
9	Canada	35.64	1.93%	533.3	0.038 °C
10	Ukraine	31.24	1.69%	142.5	0.023 °C
11	Poland	29.04	1.57%	272.9	0.018 °C
12	Italy	26.01	1.41%	301.9	0.015 °C
13	South Africa	22.83	1.23%	439.8	0.017 °C
14	Mexico	22.02	1.19%	461.0	0.022 °C
15	Iran	21.81	1.18%	792.6	0.018 °C
16	South Korea	20.71	1.12%	583.7	0.011 °C
17	Australia	20.04	1.08%	386.7	0.025 °C
18	Saudi Arabia	19.02	1.03%	692.1	0.013 °C
19	Brazil	18.20	0.98%	483.0	0.088 °C
20	Indonesia	17.42	0.94%	812.2	0.056 °C
21	Spain	15.70	0.85%	220.3	0.010 °C
22	Kazakhstan	14.94	0.81%	287.0	0.014 °C
23	Belgium	12.91	0.70%	85.5	0.007 °C
24	Türkiye	12.89	0.70%	513.0	0.012 °C
25	Czechia	12.33	0.67%	75.6	0.006 °C
26	Netherlands	12.26	0.66%	114.8	0.007 °C
27	Taiwan	10.09	0.55%	262.3	0.005 °C
28	Argentina	9.15	0.50%	171.1	0.016 °C
29	Romania	8.86	0.48%	68.6	0.006 °C
30	Thailand	8.31	0.45%	267.8	0.016 °C
31	Venezuela	7.89	0.43%	116.0	0.010 °C
32	Egypt	7.47	0.40%	258.4	0.006 °C
33	Malaysia	7.04	0.38%	290.2	0.010 °C
34	Uzbekistan	6.75	0.37%	139.2	0.006 °C
35	United Arab Emirates	5.82	0.32%	222.0	0.004 °C
36	Austria	5.75	0.31%	56.4	0.003 °C
37	Pakistan	5.74	0.31%	179.8	0.012 °C
38	Vietnam	5.67	0.31%	370.9	0.011 °C
39	North Korea	5.49	0.30%	62.6	0.004 °C
40	Algeria	5.48	0.30%	198.2	0.006 °C
41	Iraq	5.35	0.29%	233.6	0.008 °C
42	Belarus	5.18	0.28%	55.8	0.006 °C
43	Hungary	5.18	0.28%	40.0	0.003 °C
44	Sweden	5.13	0.28%	38.1	0.004 °C
45	Nigeria	4.71	0.26%	135.8	0.017 °C
46	Greece	4.30	0.23%	53.4	0.003 °C
47	Denmark	4.20	0.23%	28.4	0.003 °C
48	Slovakia	4.03	0.22%	29.1	0.002 °C
49	Bulgaria	3.98	0.22%	31.6	0.003 °C
50	Philippines	3.98	0.22%	174.9	0.011 °C
51	Kuwait	3.88	0.21%	129.5	0.004 °C
52	Colombia	3.80	0.21%	92.7	0.015 °C
53	Chile	3.32	0.18%	78.7	0.004 °C
54	Finland	3.32	0.18%	29.8	0.004 °C
55	Switzerland	3.16	0.17%	32.1	0.002 °C
56	Serbia	2.92	0.16%	42.0	0.002 °C
57	Norway	2.79	0.15%	37.2	0.002 °C
58	Portugal	2.77	0.15%	35.5	0.002 °C
59	Turkmenistan	2.74	0.15%	81.0	0.003 °C
60	Azerbaijan	2.64	0.14%	39.8	0.002 °C
61	Israel	2.61	0.14%	52.6	0.002 °C
62	Qatar	2.59	0.14%	125.8	0.002 °C
63	Libya	2.49	0.14%	65.3	0.003 °C
64	Ireland	2.37	0.13%	33.3	0.001 °C
65	Singapore	2.25	0.12%	53.9	0.001 °C
66	Peru	2.16	0.12%	70.2	0.005 °C
67	Syria	2.06	0.11%	31.8	0.002 °C
68	Morocco	2.02	0.11%	69.1	0.003 °C
69	New Zealand	2.01	0.11%	32.5	0.005 °C
70	Bangladesh	2.00	0.11%	108.3	0.006 °C
71	Cuba	1.81	0.10%	24.4	0.003 °C
72	Hong Kong	1.75	0.10%	33.3	0.001 °C
73	Trinidad and Tobago	1.71	0.09%	34.6	0.001 °C
74	Oman	1.67	0.09%	82.7	0.002 °C
75	Estonia	1.67	0.09%	8.3	0.001 °C
76	Lithuania	1.61	0.09%	12.5	0.002 °C
77	Ecuador	1.39	0.08%	46.0	0.004 °C
78	Moldova	1.36	0.07%	5.3	0.001 °C
79	Croatia	1.18	0.06%	18.5	0.001 °C
80	Bahrain	1.11	0.06%	39.0	0.001 °C
81	Tunisia	1.07	0.06%	32.7	0.001 °C
82	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.04	0.06%	19.4	0.001 °C
83	Latvia	0.98	0.05%	6.5	0.001 °C
84	Slovenia	0.91	0.05%	12.8	0.001 °C
85	Kyrgyzstan	0.88	0.05%	11.8	0.001 °C
86	Dominican Republic	0.87	0.05%	33.1	0.001 °C
87	Mongolia	0.86	0.05%	44.7	0.004 °C
88	Zimbabwe	0.83	0.05%	13.7	0.002 °C
89	Lebanon	0.79	0.04%	15.7	0.001 °C
90	Jordan	0.79	0.04%	23.2	0.001 °C
91	Luxembourg	0.78	0.04%	7.0	0.000 °C
92	Angola	0.74	0.04%	22.3	0.006 °C
93	Myanmar	0.73	0.04%	31.6	0.011 °C
94	Yemen	0.71	0.04%	10.1	0.001 °C
95	Georgia	0.66	0.04%	11.8	0.001 °C
96	Bolivia	0.64	0.04%	28.7	0.005 °C
97	Sri Lanka	0.57	0.03%	20.8	0.002 °C
98	Kenya	0.55	0.03%	21.2	0.003 °C
99	North Macedonia	0.54	0.03%	6.6	0.000 °C
100	Curacao	0.53	0.03%	2.3	0.000 °C
101	Tajikistan	0.52	0.03%	10.7	0.001 °C
102	Sudan	0.52	0.03%	17.8	0.004 °C
103	Guatemala	0.52	0.03%	19.9	0.003 °C
104	Jamaica	0.49	0.03%	8.4	0.000 °C
105	Uruguay	0.48	0.03%	8.0	0.002 °C
106	Brunei	0.43	0.02%	12.1	0.000 °C
107	Ghana	0.43	0.02%	21.0	0.002 °C
108	Armenia	0.41	0.02%	7.4	0.000 °C
109	Côte d'Ivoire	0.40	0.02%	14.8	0.005 °C
110	Panama	0.36	0.02%	12.7	0.001 °C
111	Tanzania	0.34	0.02%	20.0	0.005 °C
112	Ethiopia	0.33	0.02%	17.8	0.009 °C
113	Cyprus	0.32	0.02%	7.3	0.000 °C
114	Honduras	0.31	0.02%	12.9	0.002 °C
115	Cameroon	0.31	0.02%	9.6	0.003 °C
116	Albania	0.31	0.02%	4.4	0.000 °C
117	Gabon	0.31	0.02%	5.4	0.001 °C
118	Zambia	0.30	0.02%	12.0	0.003 °C
119	Senegal	0.30	0.02%	14.1	0.001 °C
120	Costa Rica	0.29	0.02%	8.8	0.001 °C
121	El Salvador	0.26	0.01%	9.0	0.001 °C
122	Cambodia	0.25	0.01%	21.9	0.003 °C
123	Laos	0.24	0.01%	24.4	0.002 °C
124	Afghanistan	0.24	0.01%	10.8	0.001 °C
125	DR Congo	0.24	0.01%	5.9	0.013 °C
126	Nepal	0.23	0.01%	18.8	0.002 °C
127	Mozambique	0.21	0.01%	8.6	0.003 °C
128	Papua New Guinea	0.21	0.01%	8.3	0.002 °C
129	Paraguay	0.21	0.01%	7.9	0.003 °C
130	Nicaragua	0.20	0.01%	5.6	0.003 °C
131	Republic of the Congo	0.19	0.01%	8.8	0.002 °C
132	Botswana	0.18	0.01%	7.5	0.001 °C
133	Bahamas	0.18	0.01%	3.1	0.000 °C
134	New Caledonia	0.17	0.01%	5.3	0.000 °C
135	Iceland	0.17	0.01%	3.8	0.000 °C
136	Equatorial Guinea	0.16	0.01%	7.0	0.000 °C
137	Mauritius	0.13	0.01%	4.7	0.000 °C
138	Uganda	0.13	0.01%	6.3	0.002 °C
139	Suriname	0.13	0.01%	3.0	0.000 °C
140	Benin	0.13	0.01%	6.1	0.001 °C
141	Montenegro	0.12	0.01%	2.4	0.000 °C
142	Guyana	0.12	0.01%	4.5	0.001 °C
143	Madagascar	0.11	0.01%	4.5	0.004 °C
144	Malta	0.11	0.01%	1.7	0.000 °C
145	Guinea	0.11	0.01%	4.0	0.003 °C
146	Mali	0.10	0.01%	7.0	0.002 °C
147	Mauritania	0.10	0.01%	5.2	0.000 °C
148	Burkina Faso	0.10	0.01%	6.5	0.002 °C
149	Haiti	0.09	0.01%	3.0	0.001 °C
150	Namibia	0.09	0.01%	3.5	0.000 °C
151	Palestine	0.08	0.00%	4.8	0.000 °C
152	Togo	0.08	0.00%	2.8	0.001 °C
153	Aruba	0.08	0.00%	0.9	0.000 °C
154	Lesotho	0.07	0.00%	2.6	0.000 °C
155	Barbados	0.06	0.00%	1.4	0.000 °C
156	Sint Maarten	0.06	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
157	Niger	0.06	0.00%	3.2	0.002 °C
158	Malawi	0.06	0.00%	1.9	0.001 °C
159	Macau	0.06	0.00%	1.1	0.000 °C
160	Fiji	0.05	0.00%	1.4	0.000 °C
161	Liberia	0.05	0.00%	0.9	0.001 °C
162	Chad	0.05	0.00%	2.8	0.003 °C
163	South Sudan	0.05	0.00%	1.7	0.003 °C
164	Eswatini	0.04	0.00%	1.0	0.000 °C
165	Sierra Leone	0.04	0.00%	1.4	0.001 °C
166	Somalia	0.04	0.00%	1.3	0.002 °C
167	Rwanda	0.04	0.00%	2.0	0.000 °C
168	Greenland	0.04	0.00%	0.6	0.000 °C
169	French Polynesia	0.04	0.00%	0.9	0.000 °C
170	Faroe Islands	0.03	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
171	Maldives	0.03	0.00%	2.3	0.000 °C
172	Bermuda	0.03	0.00%	0.6	0.000 °C
173	Bhutan	0.03	0.00%	1.7	0.000 °C
174	Antigua and Barbuda	0.03	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
175	Belize	0.02	0.00%	0.8	0.000 °C
176	Djibouti	0.02	0.00%	0.6	0.000 °C
177	Eritrea	0.02	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
178	Gambia	0.02	0.00%	0.8	0.000 °C
179	Cape Verde	0.02	0.00%	0.6	0.000 °C
180	Burundi	0.02	0.00%	0.9	0.000 °C
181	Andorra	0.02	0.00%	0.4	0.000 °C
182	Saint Lucia	0.02	0.00%	0.5	0.000 °C
183	Seychelles	0.02	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
184	Central African Republic	0.01	0.00%	0.4	0.001 °C
185	Timor-Leste	0.01	0.00%	0.7	0.000 °C
186	Solomon Islands	0.01	0.00%	0.3	0.000 °C
187	Palau	0.01	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
188	Liechtenstein	0.01	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
189	Grenada	0.01	0.00%	0.4	0.000 °C
190	Guinea-Bissau	0.01	0.00%	0.3	0.000 °C
191	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.01	0.00%	0.3	0.000 °C
192	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.01	0.00%	0.3	0.000 °C
193	Samoa	0.01	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
194	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.01	0.00%	0.4	0.000 °C
195	Comoros	0.01	0.00%	0.6	0.000 °C
196	British Virgin Islands	0.01	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
197	Vanuatu	0.01	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
198	Dominica	0.01	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
199	Nauru	0.01	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
200	Tonga	0.00	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
201	Micronesia	0.00	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
202	Sao Tome and Principe	0.00	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
203	Marshall Islands	0.00	0.00%	0.2	0.000 °C
204	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0.00	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
205	Anguilla	0.00	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
206	Cook Islands	0.00	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
207	Kiribati	0.00	0.00%	0.1	0.000 °C
208	Montserrat	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C
209	Christmas Island	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C
210	Wallis and Futuna	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C
211	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C
212	Tuvalu	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C
213	Niue	0.00	0.00%	0.0	0.000 °C

Data: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Budget and Jones et al. (CC BY 4.0).

Why historical emissions matter

Global warming is roughly proportional to the total amount of CO₂ ever emitted. That is why climate negotiations distinguish between countries that built their wealth on coal and oil over 150 years and those whose emissions only started to rise recently. United States has emitted 434.9 billion tonnes since records began, while China — today's largest annual emitter — has emitted 285.1 billion tonnes.

About the data

Figures come from Our World in Data's CO₂ dataset, which compiles the Global Carbon Budget (fossil CO₂ by country, updated yearly) and Jones et al. (methane, nitrous oxide and warming contributions). "CO₂ emissions" means territorial emissions from burning coal, oil and gas, cement production and gas flaring — excluding land-use change such as deforestation, which is shown separately on country pages. Latest year: 2024.

Cumulative totals add up every year of fossil and industrial CO₂ since 1750 within today's borders. Warming contributions (Jones et al.) also include methane, nitrous oxide and land-use emissions.

Related rankings

Frequently asked questions

Which country has emitted the most CO₂ in history?

United States — 434.9 billion tonnes, about 24% of all CO₂ emitted since 1750.

How much CO₂ has the world emitted since 1750?

About 1,849.1 billion tonnes from fossil fuels and industry.

How much has the planet warmed because of emissions?

Greenhouse gas emissions have raised global mean surface temperature by about 1.68 °C (Jones et al.).