Climate · 2024 data
CO₂ Emissions by Country
The world emitted 38.6 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024. Just three countries — China, United States and India — produced 53% of it. Open any country for its emissions since 1950, fuel mix and greenhouse gases.
38.6 Gt
World CO₂ in 2024
4.73 t
Average per person
69%
From the 10 biggest emitters
48
Countries that cut emissions vs 2023
Biggest CO₂ emitters
- Top 5%
- Top 15%
- Top 30%
- Top half
- Lower half
- Bottom 25%
CO₂ emissions of every country (2024)
| Rank | Country | CO₂ (Mt) | Per person | World share | Change vs 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  China |
12,289.0 | 8.66 t | 31.84% | +1.0% |
| 2 |  United States |
4,904.1 | 14.2 t | 12.71% | -0.3% |
| 3 |  India |
3,193.5 | 2.20 t | 8.27% | +4.3% |
| 4 |  Russia |
1,780.5 | 12.3 t | 4.61% | +2.7% |
| 5 |  Japan |
961.9 | 7.77 t | 2.49% | -2.5% |
| 6 |  Indonesia |
812.2 | 2.87 t | 2.10% | +6.5% |
| 7 |  Iran |
792.6 | 8.66 t | 2.05% | +0.4% |
| 8 |  Saudi Arabia |
692.1 | 20.4 t | 1.79% | +2.2% |
| 9 |  South Korea |
583.7 | 11.3 t | 1.51% | -0.9% |
| 10 |  Germany |
572.3 | 6.77 t | 1.48% | -3.6% |
| 11 |  Canada |
533.3 | 13.4 t | 1.38% | -2.2% |
| 12 |  Türkiye |
513.0 | 5.87 t | 1.33% | +5.4% |
| 13 |  Brazil |
483.0 | 2.28 t | 1.25% | -0.2% |
| 14 |  Mexico |
461.0 | 3.52 t | 1.19% | +0.6% |
| 15 |  South Africa |
439.8 | 6.87 t | 1.14% | +0.7% |
| 16 |  Australia |
386.7 | 14.5 t | 1.00% | +0.6% |
| 17 |  Vietnam |
370.9 | 3.67 t | 0.96% | +6.8% |
| 18 |  United Kingdom |
312.9 | 4.53 t | 0.81% | +1.7% |
| 19 |  Italy |
301.9 | 5.09 t | 0.78% | -3.3% |
| 20 |  Malaysia |
290.2 | 8.16 t | 0.75% | +5.0% |
| 21 |  Kazakhstan |
287.0 | 13.9 t | 0.74% | +0.3% |
| 22 |  Poland |
272.9 | 7.08 t | 0.71% | -3.7% |
| 23 |  Thailand |
267.8 | 3.74 t | 0.69% | +1.1% |
| 24 |  France |
264.2 | 3.97 t | 0.68% | -2.3% |
| 25 |  Taiwan |
262.3 | 11.3 t | 0.68% | -1.8% |
| 26 |  Egypt |
258.4 | 2.22 t | 0.67% | +3.3% |
| 27 |  Iraq |
233.6 | 5.07 t | 0.61% | +2.5% |
| 28 |  United Arab Emirates |
222.0 | 20.1 t | 0.58% | +5.5% |
| 29 |  Spain |
220.3 | 4.60 t | 0.57% | +2.3% |
| 30 |  Algeria |
198.2 | 4.23 t | 0.51% | -2.3% |
| 31 |  Pakistan |
179.8 | 0.72 t | 0.47% | -3.8% |
| 32 |  Philippines |
174.9 | 1.51 t | 0.45% | +8.6% |
| 33 |  Argentina |
171.1 | 3.74 t | 0.44% | -4.1% |
| 34 |  Ukraine |
142.5 | 3.76 t | 0.37% | +2.3% |
| 35 |  Uzbekistan |
139.2 | 3.83 t | 0.36% | +13.3% |
| 36 |  Nigeria |
135.8 | 0.58 t | 0.35% | +5.0% |
| 37 |  Kuwait |
129.5 | 26.2 t | 0.34% | +5.2% |
| 38 |  Qatar |
125.8 | 41.3 t | 0.33% | +5.2% |
| 39 |  Venezuela |
116.0 | 4.09 t | 0.30% | -3.0% |
| 40 |  Netherlands |
114.8 | 6.30 t | 0.30% | -1.9% |
| 41 |  Bangladesh |
108.3 | 0.62 t | 0.28% | +3.6% |
| 42 |  Colombia |
92.7 | 1.75 t | 0.24% | +3.0% |
| 43 |  Belgium |
85.5 | 7.28 t | 0.22% | +0.9% |
| 44 |  Oman |
82.7 | 15.7 t | 0.21% | +3.6% |
| 45 |  Turkmenistan |
81.0 | 10.8 t | 0.21% | -15.1% |
| 46 |  Chile |
78.7 | 3.98 t | 0.20% | +1.4% |
| 47 |  Czechia |
75.6 | 7.04 t | 0.20% | -9.1% |
| 48 |  Peru |
70.2 | 2.05 t | 0.18% | +6.3% |
| 49 |  Morocco |
69.1 | 1.81 t | 0.18% | +0.1% |
| 50 |  Romania |
68.6 | 3.61 t | 0.18% | +1.0% |
| 51 |  Libya |
65.3 | 8.84 t | 0.17% | +1.6% |
| 52 |  North Korea |
62.6 | 2.36 t | 0.16% | +0.8% |
| 53 |  Austria |
56.4 | 6.18 t | 0.15% | -1.0% |
| 54 |  Belarus |
55.8 | 6.16 t | 0.15% | +0.1% |
| 55 |  Singapore |
53.9 | 9.25 t | 0.14% | +5.6% |
| 56 |  Greece |
53.4 | 5.31 t | 0.14% | +2.6% |
| 57 |  Israel |
52.6 | 5.61 t | 0.14% | -5.0% |
| 58 |  Ecuador |
46.0 | 2.54 t | 0.12% | +3.1% |
| 59 |  Mongolia |
44.7 | 12.9 t | 0.12% | +1.2% |
| 60 |  Serbia |
42.0 | 6.24 t | 0.11% | -2.1% |
| 61 |  Hungary |
40.0 | 4.14 t | 0.10% | -0.8% |
| 62 |  Azerbaijan |
39.8 | 3.85 t | 0.10% | -6.8% |
| 63 |  Bahrain |
39.0 | 24.3 t | 0.10% | +0.6% |
| 64 |  Sweden |
38.1 | 3.59 t | 0.10% | +3.8% |
| 65 |  Norway |
37.2 | 6.67 t | 0.10% | -4.3% |
| 66 |  Portugal |
35.5 | 3.41 t | 0.09% | -5.5% |
| 67 |  Trinidad and Tobago |
34.6 | 22.9 t | 0.09% | -2.7% |
| 68 |  Hong Kong |
33.3 | 4.49 t | 0.09% | +1.1% |
| 69 |  Ireland |
33.3 | 6.34 t | 0.09% | -0.8% |
| 70 |  Dominican Republic |
33.1 | 2.90 t | 0.09% | +4.1% |
| 71 |  Tunisia |
32.7 | 2.66 t | 0.09% | +2.9% |
| 72 |  New Zealand |
32.5 | 6.23 t | 0.08% | +2.9% |
| 73 |  Switzerland |
32.1 | 3.60 t | 0.08% | +0.3% |
| 74 |  Syria |
31.8 | 1.29 t | 0.08% | +0.3% |
| 75 |  Bulgaria |
31.6 | 4.68 t | 0.08% | -8.3% |
| 76 |  Myanmar |
31.6 | 0.58 t | 0.08% | -0.6% |
| 77 |  Finland |
29.8 | 5.30 t | 0.08% | -6.4% |
| 78 |  Slovakia |
29.1 | 5.28 t | 0.08% | -5.4% |
| 79 |  Bolivia |
28.7 | 2.31 t | 0.07% | +16.6% |
| 80 |  Denmark |
28.4 | 4.75 t | 0.07% | -1.6% |
| 81 |  Cuba |
24.4 | 2.23 t | 0.06% | +4.1% |
| 82 |  Laos |
24.4 | 3.14 t | 0.06% | +1.0% |
| 83 |  Jordan |
23.2 | 2.01 t | 0.06% | +0.4% |
| 84 |  Angola |
22.3 | 0.59 t | 0.06% | +3.0% |
| 85 |  Cambodia |
21.9 | 1.24 t | 0.06% | +2.2% |
| 86 |  Kenya |
21.2 | 0.38 t | 0.06% | +0.2% |
| 87 |  Ghana |
21.0 | 0.61 t | 0.05% | +4.4% |
| 88 |  Sri Lanka |
20.8 | 0.90 t | 0.05% | +8.7% |
| 89 |  Tanzania |
20.0 | 0.29 t | 0.05% | -1.4% |
| 90 |  Guatemala |
19.9 | 1.08 t | 0.05% | +0.7% |
| 91 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
19.4 | 6.14 t | 0.05% | -2.3% |
| 92 |  Nepal |
18.8 | 0.63 t | 0.05% | +2.3% |
| 93 |  Croatia |
18.5 | 4.77 t | 0.05% | 0.0% |
| 94 |  Ethiopia |
17.8 | 0.14 t | 0.05% | +1.5% |
| 95 |  Sudan |
17.8 | 0.35 t | 0.05% | +0.4% |
| 96 |  Lebanon |
15.7 | 2.70 t | 0.04% | +0.6% |
| 97 |  Côte d'Ivoire |
14.8 | 0.46 t | 0.04% | +5.5% |
| 98 |  Senegal |
14.1 | 0.76 t | 0.04% | +0.1% |
| 99 |  Zimbabwe |
13.7 | 0.82 t | 0.04% | +1.9% |
| 100 |  Honduras |
12.9 | 1.19 t | 0.03% | +3.6% |
| 101 |  Slovenia |
12.8 | 6.02 t | 0.03% | +6.2% |
| 102 |  Panama |
12.7 | 2.81 t | 0.03% | -2.6% |
| 103 |  Lithuania |
12.5 | 4.39 t | 0.03% | +0.3% |
| 104 |  Brunei |
12.1 | 26.0 t | 0.03% | -3.6% |
| 105 |  Zambia |
12.0 | 0.57 t | 0.03% | +1.8% |
| 106 |  Georgia |
11.8 | 3.10 t | 0.03% | -1.2% |
| 107 |  Kyrgyzstan |
11.8 | 1.64 t | 0.03% | +5.6% |
| 108 |  Afghanistan |
10.8 | 0.25 t | 0.03% | +2.9% |
| 109 |  Tajikistan |
10.7 | 1.01 t | 0.03% | +4.6% |
| 110 |  Yemen |
10.1 | 0.25 t | 0.03% | -0.2% |
| 111 |  Cameroon |
9.6 | 0.33 t | 0.03% | -0.7% |
| 112 |  El Salvador |
9.0 | 1.42 t | 0.02% | +3.5% |
| 113 |  Republic of the Congo |
8.8 | 1.40 t | 0.02% | +6.8% |
| 114 |  Costa Rica |
8.8 | 1.71 t | 0.02% | +3.4% |
| 115 |  Mozambique |
8.6 | 0.25 t | 0.02% | -5.3% |
| 116 |  Jamaica |
8.4 | 2.96 t | 0.02% | +4.1% |
| 117 |  Papua New Guinea |
8.3 | 0.79 t | 0.02% | -0.1% |
| 118 |  Estonia |
8.3 | 6.11 t | 0.02% | -5.0% |
| 119 |  Uruguay |
8.0 | 2.35 t | 0.02% | +4.5% |
| 120 |  Paraguay |
7.9 | 1.15 t | 0.02% | +3.8% |
| 121 |  Botswana |
7.5 | 2.96 t | 0.02% | +2.9% |
| 122 |  Armenia |
7.4 | 2.50 t | 0.02% | +0.0% |
| 123 |  Cyprus |
7.3 | 5.37 t | 0.02% | +1.5% |
| 124 |  Luxembourg |
7.0 | 10.5 t | 0.02% | +2.9% |
| 125 |  Equatorial Guinea |
7.0 | 3.70 t | 0.02% | +1.4% |
| 126 |  Mali |
7.0 | 0.29 t | 0.02% | +3.5% |
| 127 |  North Macedonia |
6.6 | 3.63 t | 0.02% | -9.8% |
| 128 |  Burkina Faso |
6.5 | 0.28 t | 0.02% | +3.2% |
| 129 |  Latvia |
6.5 | 3.45 t | 0.02% | -1.9% |
| 130 |  Uganda |
6.3 | 0.13 t | 0.02% | +1.6% |
| 131 |  Benin |
6.1 | 0.42 t | 0.02% | +2.3% |
| 132 |  DR Congo |
5.9 | 0.05 t | 0.02% | +0.4% |
| 133 |  Nicaragua |
5.6 | 0.81 t | 0.02% | +3.7% |
| 134 |  Gabon |
5.4 | 2.13 t | 0.01% | +1.5% |
| 135 |  Moldova |
5.3 | 1.76 t | 0.01% | 0.0% |
| 136 |  New Caledonia |
5.3 | 18.1 t | 0.01% | +4.3% |
| 137 |  Mauritania |
5.2 | 1.01 t | 0.01% | +4.0% |
| 138 |  Palestine |
4.8 | 0.87 t | 0.01% | +0.5% |
| 139 |  Mauritius |
4.7 | 3.68 t | 0.01% | +1.9% |
| 140 |  Madagascar |
4.5 | 0.14 t | 0.01% | +1.8% |
| 141 |  Guyana |
4.5 | 5.43 t | 0.01% | +3.0% |
| 142 |  Albania |
4.4 | 1.59 t | 0.01% | +0.6% |
| 143 |  Guinea |
4.0 | 0.27 t | 0.01% | +3.9% |
| 144 |  Iceland |
3.8 | 9.67 t | 0.01% | +8.4% |
| 145 |  Namibia |
3.5 | 1.15 t | 0.01% | +0.8% |
| 146 |  Niger |
3.2 | 0.12 t | 0.01% | +1.2% |
| 147 |  Bahamas |
3.1 | 7.65 t | 0.01% | +3.8% |
| 148 |  Suriname |
3.0 | 4.71 t | 0.01% | +4.2% |
| 149 |  Haiti |
3.0 | 0.25 t | 0.01% | +3.7% |
| 150 |  Chad |
2.8 | 0.14 t | 0.01% | -0.6% |
| 151 |  Togo |
2.8 | 0.33 t | 0.01% | +3.1% |
| 152 |  Lesotho |
2.6 | 1.10 t | 0.01% | +3.1% |
| 153 |  Montenegro |
2.4 | 3.72 t | 0.01% | -1.3% |
| 154 |  Maldives |
2.3 | 4.37 t | 0.01% | +4.6% |
| 155 |  Curacao |
2.3 | 12.3 t | 0.01% | +3.8% |
| 156 |  Rwanda |
2.0 | 0.14 t | 0.01% | +0.9% |
| 157 |  Malawi |
1.9 | 0.09 t | 0.01% | +1.6% |
| 158 |  Malta |
1.7 | 3.20 t | 0.00% | -2.2% |
| 159 |  South Sudan |
1.7 | 0.14 t | 0.00% | +1.8% |
| 160 |  Bhutan |
1.7 | 2.09 t | 0.00% | +1.7% |
| 161 |  Fiji |
1.4 | 1.56 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 162 |  Sierra Leone |
1.4 | 0.17 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 163 |  Barbados |
1.4 | 4.83 t | 0.00% | +3.7% |
| 164 |  Somalia |
1.3 | 0.07 t | 0.00% | +1.8% |
| 165 |  Macau |
1.1 | 1.47 t | 0.00% | +1.3% |
| 166 |  Eswatini |
1.0 | 0.84 t | 0.00% | +1.5% |
| 167 |  French Polynesia |
0.9 | 3.28 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 168 |  Aruba |
0.9 | 8.52 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 169 |  Burundi |
0.9 | 0.07 t | 0.00% | +1.8% |
| 170 |  Liberia |
0.9 | 0.15 t | 0.00% | +3.0% |
| 171 |  Gambia |
0.8 | 0.29 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 172 |  Belize |
0.8 | 1.91 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 173 |  Eritrea |
0.7 | 0.21 t | 0.00% | +1.6% |
| 174 |  Faroe Islands |
0.7 | 13.1 t | 0.00% | +1.6% |
| 175 |  Sint Maarten |
0.7 | 16.5 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 176 |  Timor-Leste |
0.7 | 0.48 t | 0.00% | +4.9% |
| 177 |  Antigua and Barbuda |
0.7 | 7.09 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 178 |  Seychelles |
0.7 | 5.00 t | 0.00% | +1.8% |
| 179 |  Greenland |
0.6 | 11.1 t | 0.00% | +1.6% |
| 180 |  Cape Verde |
0.6 | 1.13 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 181 |  Djibouti |
0.6 | 0.48 t | 0.00% | +1.2% |
| 182 |  Comoros |
0.6 | 0.64 t | 0.00% | +1.8% |
| 183 |  Bermuda |
0.6 | 8.51 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 184 |  Saint Lucia |
0.5 | 2.99 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 185 |  Andorra |
0.4 | 5.18 t | 0.00% | +1.6% |
| 186 |  Central African Republic |
0.4 | 0.07 t | 0.00% | +1.4% |
| 187 |  Turks and Caicos Islands |
0.4 | 8.14 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 188 |  Grenada |
0.4 | 3.22 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 189 |  Guinea-Bissau |
0.3 | 0.16 t | 0.00% | +3.9% |
| 190 |  Solomon Islands |
0.3 | 0.36 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 191 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis |
0.3 | 5.54 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 192 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
0.3 | 2.54 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 193 |  Samoa |
0.2 | 1.13 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 194 |  Palau |
0.2 | 12.8 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 195 |  Vanuatu |
0.2 | 0.60 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 196 |  British Virgin Islands |
0.2 | 4.87 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 197 |  Dominica |
0.2 | 2.58 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 198 |  Marshall Islands |
0.2 | 4.11 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 199 |  Tonga |
0.2 | 1.46 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 200 |  Micronesia |
0.2 | 1.33 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 201 |  Anguilla |
0.1 | 10.1 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 202 |  Sao Tome and Principe |
0.1 | 0.60 t | 0.00% | +1.4% |
| 203 |  Liechtenstein |
0.1 | 3.30 t | 0.00% | +0.3% |
| 204 |  Cook Islands |
0.1 | 5.82 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 205 |  Kiribati |
0.1 | 0.54 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 206 |  Nauru |
0.1 | 5.13 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 207 |  Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
0.1 | 9.79 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 208 |  Wallis and Futuna |
0.0 | 2.70 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 209 |  Montserrat |
0.0 | 6.02 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 210 |  Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha |
0.0 | 2.17 t | 0.00% | +3.8% |
| 210 |  Tuvalu |
0.0 | 1.18 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 212 |  Niue |
0.0 | 4.14 t | 0.00% | +4.6% |
| 213 |  Christmas Island |
0.0 | — | 0.00% | — |
Nothing matches your search.
Data: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Budget and Jones et al. (CC BY 4.0).
Emissions by continent
- Asia: 23.3 billion tonnes (60%)
- Americas: 7.19 billion tonnes (19%)
- Europe: 4.93 billion tonnes (13%)
- Africa: 1.50 billion tonnes (4%)
- Oceania: 431 million tonnes (1%)
Who is cutting and who is growing
48 countries emitted less CO₂ in 2024 than a year earlier, while 164 emitted more. Among the ten largest emitters, China (+1.0%), United States (-0.3%), India (+4.3%), Russia (+2.7%), Japan (-2.5%), Indonesia (+6.5%), Iran (+0.4%), Saudi Arabia (+2.2%), South Korea (-0.9%) and Germany (-3.6%).
Big totals vs big footprints
A large total does not always mean a large footprint per person. China emits 8.66 t per person, while the highest per-person emitters among countries with over 10 million people are Saudi Arabia (20.4 t), United Arab Emirates (20.1 t), Australia (14.5 t) and United States (14.2 t). See the CO₂ per capita ranking.
About the data
Figures come from Our World in Data's CO₂ dataset, which compiles the Global Carbon Budget (fossil CO₂ by country, updated yearly) and Jones et al. (methane, nitrous oxide and warming contributions). "CO₂ emissions" means territorial emissions from burning coal, oil and gas, cement production and gas flaring — excluding land-use change such as deforestation, which is shown separately on country pages. Latest year: 2024.
Related rankings
Frequently asked questions
Which country emits the most CO₂?
China — 12.3 billion tonnes in 2024, or 31.8% of global emissions, followed by United States (12.7%) and India (8.3%).
How much CO₂ does the world emit per year?
About 38.6 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024 — 4.73 t per person. Including land-use change and other greenhouse gases, the total is 54.4 billion tonnes CO₂-equivalent.
Which countries emit the least CO₂?
The smallest emitters are small island states and territories such as Christmas Island, Niue, Tuvalu and Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, each emitting well under a million tonnes a year.
How many countries reduced their emissions?
48 countries emitted less CO₂ in 2024 than in 2023.